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🔌 Network Services

MOS provides various network services for remote access, file sharing, and VPN connectivity. These can be managed through:

Settings → Network → Network Services

Network Services

🔒 SSH​

Enable SSH access to remotely manage your MOS system via command line.

When enabled, you can connect using any SSH client:

ssh root@<MOS-IP-ADDRESS>

📁 NFS​

Network File System (NFS) allows Linux/Unix systems to mount shares from MOS.

Enable NFS to share directories with other systems on your network.

🌍 Dnsmasq​

Lightweight DNS forwarder and DHCP server.

Enable Dnsmasq for local DNS resolution and DHCP services.

🔋 NUT (Network UPS Tools)​

Monitor and manage UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) devices connected via USB or serial port.

Enable NUT in Settings → Network → Network Services to integrate with local UPS devices for power management and automatic shutdown.

Configuration Files​

NUT configuration files are located at: /boot/config/system/nut/

1. ups.conf - UPS Device Configuration​

Defines the UPS devices to monitor:

[ups]
driver = usbhid-ups
port = auto

Key settings:

  • driver - Driver for your UPS type (e.g., usbhid-ups for USB HID devices)
  • port - Serial port (e.g., /dev/ttyS0) or auto for USB
  • maxretry - Number of start attempts (default: 3)
  • retrydelay - Delay between attempts (default: 5 seconds)
  • pollinterval - Status refresh interval (default: 2 seconds)

2. nut.conf - NUT Mode​

Sets the operating mode:

MODE=standalone

Modes:

  • standalone - Single UPS protecting the local system (most common)
  • netserver - UPS server accessible over network
  • netclient - Client monitoring remote UPS servers only
  • none - NUT disabled

3. upsd.conf - UPS Daemon Configuration​

Network settings for the NUT server:

LISTEN 0.0.0.0 3493

Key settings:

  • LISTEN - IP address and port to listen on (default: 3493)
  • MAXAGE - Mark data stale after X seconds (default: 15)
  • ALLOW_NO_DEVICE - Allow server to start without UPS devices

4. upsd.users - User Access Control​

Defines users and permissions:

[admin]
password=adminpass
actions=set
actions=fsd
instcmds=all

[slaveuser]
password = slavepass
upsmon slave

[monuser]
password = monpass
upsmon master

Permissions:

  • actions=SET - Change UPS variables
  • actions=FSD - Force shutdown
  • instcmds=ALL - Execute all commands
  • upsmon primary/secondary/master/slave - Monitoring role

5. upsmon.conf - UPS Monitoring​

Controls system monitoring and shutdown behavior:

MONITOR ups@127.0.0.1 1 monuser monpass master
MINSUPPLIES 1
SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h +0"
NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched
POLLFREQ 5
DEADTIME 15
FINALDELAY 5

NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT SYSLOG+EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE SYSLOG+EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG LOWBATT SYSLOG+EXEC

Key settings:

  • MONITOR - UPS to monitor (format: upsname@host powervalue username password role)
  • MINSUPPLIES - Minimum power supplies needed to stay running
  • SHUTDOWNCMD - Command to execute on critical power event
  • POLLFREQ - Check interval in seconds (default: 5)
  • DEADTIME - Declare UPS dead after X seconds without response
  • FINALDELAY - Wait time before shutdown (default: 5 seconds)
  • NOTIFYFLAG - Actions on events (SYSLOG, WALL, EXEC, IGNORE)

6. upssched.conf - Scheduled Events​

Defines actions for UPS events:

CMDSCRIPT /bin/upssched-cmd
# PIPEFN /run/nut/upssched/upssched.pipe
# LOCKFN /run/nut/upssched/upssched.lock

# Example: Start timer when on battery
# AT ONBATT * START-TIMER onbattwarn 30
# AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER onbattwarn

Commands:

  • CMDSCRIPT - Script to execute for timer events
  • PIPEFN/LOCKFN - Required paths for timer mechanism
  • AT <event> <ups> <action> - Event handlers

Common UPS Drivers​

ManufacturerDriverNotes
APCusbhid-upsMost modern APC units
APC (older)apcsmartSmart-UPS via serial
CyberPowerusbhid-upsMost USB models
Eatonusbhid-upsVarious models
Tripp Liteusbhid-upsUSB HID models
Tripp LitetrippliteSerial models
Generic USBusbhid-upsHID-compliant devices

Testing NUT​

After enabling NUT and configuring your UPS:

# Check UPS status
upsc ups@localhost

# List available commands
upscmd -l ups@localhost

# Test battery (if supported)
upscmd ups@localhost test.battery.start

# View NUT logs
tail -f /var/log/nut.log

Troubleshooting​

  • UPS not detected: Check USB connection and driver compatibility
  • Permission denied: Verify user settings in upsd.users
  • No shutdown: Check SHUTDOWNCMD and NOTIFYFLAG settings
  • Stale data: Increase MAXAGE or check pollinterval

📀 Remote Mounting​

Mount remote storage to your MOS system.

Enable to access storage from other servers or NAS devices.

🗂️ Samba (SMB/CIFS)​

Windows-compatible file sharing.

Samba​

Enable Samba to share folders with Windows, macOS, and Linux systems.

Samba Discovery​

Enable network discovery for automatic detection of MOS shares.

Workgroup​

Configure the workgroup name for your network (default: WORKGROUP).

🌐 Tailscale​

Tailscale is a zero-config VPN that creates a secure mesh network between your devices.

Enabling Tailscale​

  1. Go to Settings → Network → Network Services
  2. Toggle Tailscale to enable the service

Setup​

After enabling Tailscale, open the MOS Terminal and run:

tailscale up

This will generate an authentication URL. Follow the link to authenticate your device with your Tailscale account.

CLI Documentation

For additional options and parameters, refer to the official Tailscale documentation: tailscale up

Tailscale Update Check​

Enable automatic update notifications for Tailscale.

Tailscale Daemon Parameters​

Add custom command-line arguments for the Tailscale daemon (tailscaled) if needed.

🐦 Netbird​

Netbird is an open-source peer-to-peer VPN solution with zero configuration.

Enabling Netbird​

  1. Go to Settings → Network → Network Services
  2. Toggle Netbird to enable the service

Setup​

After enabling Netbird, open the MOS Terminal and run:

netbird up

This will generate an authentication URL. Follow the link to register your device with your Netbird management server.

CLI Documentation

For additional options and parameters, refer to the official Netbird documentation: netbird up

Netbird Update Check​

Enable automatic update notifications for Netbird.

Netbird Service Parameters​

Add custom configuration parameters for the Netbird service if needed.

🆘 Troubleshooting​

VPN not connecting?​

  • Ensure the service is enabled in Network Services
  • Check that you've run the up command in the MOS Terminal
  • Verify your device has internet connectivity
  • Check firewall settings if behind a restrictive network

Can't access shares?​

  • Verify the sharing service (NFS/Samba) is enabled
  • Check share permissions in the Shares section
  • Ensure client devices are on the same network or VPN

Parts of this documentation were created with the assistance of AI tools. All AI-generated content has undergone review, but it may still contain inaccuracies, omissions, or outdated information.